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The steering control is a set of devices that turn the steered wheels of a car. The steering control is used to change and maintain the direction of movement of the car. It largely ensures the safety of the car. On a car, the direction of movement is changed by turning the front wheels of the steering mechanism with an electric power steering. The steering power steering is a mechanism that creates additional force on the steering drive, necessary for turning the steered wheels of the car. The amplifier is used to facilitate control of the car, increase its maneuverability and safety of movement. It also softens the jolts and impacts of road irregularities transmitted from the steered wheels to the steering wheel. The amplifier significantly facilitates the driver's work. With it, the driver applies 2-3 times less force to the steering wheel than without the amplifier, when, for example, an effort of up to 200 N or more is required to turn the car. This is very significant, since up to 50% of all the energy expended by the driver to control the car is spent on steering. The maneuverability of a car with power steering increases due to the speed and precision of its action. Driving safety increases because in the event of a sharp decrease in air pressure in the tire of the front steering wheel due to a puncture or a burst tire, with the presence of a power steering, the driver is able to hold the steering wheel in his hands and maintain the direction of the car. However, the presence of a power steering leads to a more complex design of the steering control and an increase in cost, to increased wear of tires, a stronger load on the steering drive parts and a deterioration in the stabilization of the steering wheels of the car. In addition, the presence of a power steering on a car requires adaptation of the driver. Electric power steering (EPS) is an electromechanical system of a car designed to reduce the steering force applied to the steering wheel. EPS consists of the following main elements: a steering shaft with a torsion shaft, an electric motor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a torque sensor (contactless), and a rotor position sensor. The electric booster is installed on the steering shaft of the car, the parts of which are connected to each other by a torsion shaft with an installed torque sensor. When the steering wheel is turned, the torsion shaft twists, which is recorded by the torque sensor. Based on data from the speed and speed sensors of the electric motors, the electronic control unit calculates the required compensatory force and sends a command to the booster electric motor. The gearbox is installed on the rack itself, which allows not to overload the steering shaft and its joints. The advantages of the EPS in comparison with the hydraulic power steering (HPS) are: simplicity of design and maintenance, the EPS does not have a hydraulic part with all its problems, compactness, the EPS is part of the steering mechanism itself, the EPS electric motor is activated only when the steering wheel is turned, while the HPS pump works constantly, thereby increasing the power consumption, ease of adjustment, only by changing the ECU program, you can achieve different operating modes under different circumstances, such as reducing the compensating force with an increase in vehicle speed. The steering is left-hand, injury-safe. Injury safety of the steering is ensured by the design of the intermediate shaft of the steering wheel and a special fastening of the steering shaft to the monocoque of the car. The steering consists of a steering mechanism and a steering drive.

The steering shaft consists of three parts: 1- bracket; 2- cardan joint.

The car uses a rack and pinion steering mechanism. The steering gear ratio is 20.4. The steering gear includes a steering wheel, a steering shaft and a steering pair (rack and pinion), consisting of a pinion and a toothed rack. The steering wheel through an intermediate shaft providing safety of the steering wheel, is mounted on the splines of the upper end of the steering shaft, which rests on a radial ball bearing mounted on a bracket tube. The steering shaft together with the steering column, consisting of two parts, is attached to the monocoque of the car using a bracket. The lower end of the steering shaft through an elastic coupling with a tie bolt is connected to the splined shank of the drive pinion, which is installed in the aluminum housing of the steering gear on roller and ball bearings. The pinion is in engagement with the toothed rack, pressed against the pinion through a stop made of sintered materials by a spring, pressed by a nut. This ensures a gap-free engagement of the drive pinion and the toothed rack, along the entire length of their stroke. The rack rests on one end on the stop, and the other end is installed in a split plastic bushing, which is fixed in the steering gear housing with special protrusions and sealed with rubber rings. The rack is limited on one side by a special ring pressed onto it, and on the other side - by the bushing of the rubber-metal hinge of the left steering rod, which rest against the steering knuckle lever.

Rack and pinion steering mechanism: 1-pinion, 2-rack.

The main part of the steering gear is the steering trapezoid (Ackermann steering trapezoid). The steering trapezoid is formed by the transverse steering rods, the steering knuckle levers and the steering wheel axis. The base of the trapezoid is the wheel axis, the top is the transverse rods, and the sides are the steering knuckle levers. The steering trapezoid serves to turn the steering wheels at different angles. The inner wheel (in relation to the center of rotation of the car) turns at a greater angle than the outer wheel. This is necessary so that when turning the car, the wheels roll without lateral slip and with the least resistance. Otherwise, the car's handling will deteriorate, fuel consumption and tire wear will increase. The steering trapezoid can be front or rear. In a car, the steering trapezoid is rear, it is located behind the axis of the front steering wheels. The use of a steering gear with a front or rear steering trapezoid on cars depends on the layout of the car and its steering. In this case, the steering drive can be with a continuous or split steering trapezoid. A split steering trapezoid is one that has a multi-link transverse steering rod connecting the steered wheels. A split steering trapezoid is used for independent suspension of the steered wheels on passenger cars.