Tutorials

3 0 Intermediate
Welding is a widely used process in manufacturing, construction, and heavy industry. During welding, the material is exposed to localized high temperatures that significantly affect not only the weld metal but also the surrounding regions. These include the Weld Metal, the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), and the Base Metal. Each of these zones undergoes different thermal cycles and consequently exhibits different microstructural transformations, mechanical properties, and residual stresses. Understanding these transformations is crucial for ensuring the integrity and performance of welded components.

1 0 Intermediate
arc welding processes such as SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), and MAG (Metal Active Gas), electrodes and wires are classified and coded according to international standards. These designations help welders select the appropriate consumables to ensure weld quality and suitability for specific applications. This article explains common electrode and wire classification systems with representative examples and their meanings.

0 0 Intermediate
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0 0 Intermediate
Welding is an indispensable joining method in modern manufacturing and construction. The quality of a welded joint is influenced not only by the welder’s skill but also by the proper selection of the welding process, welding position, and most critically, the weld joint preparation. The geometry of the joint preparation directly affects the penetration depth, heat distribution, weld metal behavior, and the presence of welding defects. This paper presents a technical review of weld joint designs, welding process classifications, and welding positions in accordance with EN ISO 9692 series, EN ISO 4063, and EN ISO 6947 standards.

0 0 Intermediate
A weld seam isn’t just a shiny metallic line on the surface. Beneath it lies a world of microstructures and processes that shape the fate of the material. In welding engineering, some invisible phenomena can lead to very visible problems. In this article, we will explore two often-overlooked yet critical concepts: block segregation and terrace fracture.