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Microstructural and Mechanical Changes in the Weld Metal, Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), and Fusion Boundary

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
1 0 Intermediate
Welding is a widely used process in manufacturing, construction, and heavy industry. During welding, the material is exposed to localized high temperatures that significantly affect not only the weld metal but also the surrounding regions. These include the Weld Metal, the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), and the Base Metal. Each of these zones undergoes different thermal cycles and consequently exhibits different microstructural transformations, mechanical properties, and residual stresses. Understanding these transformations is crucial for ensuring the integrity and performance of welded components.
heat haz wewlding weldingengineer

Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) and Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) Process Roadmap and Planning Overview

Aygün Karaköse
in Standards
1 0 Expert
Welding is a critical manufacturing process used to join two or more metal parts by applying heat and/or pressure. The quality, strength, and integrity of welded joints are vital for the safety and performance of structures, pressure vessels, pipelines, and machinery. To ensure consistent and reliable welds, the welding process must be clearly defined, controlled, and validated through standardized documentation. Two essential documents play a central role in welding quality control and certification: the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) and the Procedure Qualification Record (PQR).
pqr wps standarts engineer welding

Welding Procedure Development Workflow According to EN ISO Standards: A Comprehensive Guide

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
1 0 Expert
Welding procedure development is a critical process to ensure quality, safety, and repeatability in welded fabrications. The workflow is governed by international standards such as EN ISO 15607, 15609, 15614, 15610, and 15608, which set requirements for qualification, documentation, and testing of welding procedures. This article outlines a step-by-step roadmap for welding procedure development, from material verification to final approval, tailored for welding engineers and quality professionals.
weldingengineer welding

The Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram and Its Significance

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
0 0 Beginner
The iron-carbon (Fe-C) phase diagram is one of the most fundamental metallurgical diagrams, illustrating the phase transformations, microstructures, and thermodynamic equilibria of iron and carbon alloys at various compositions. It is indispensable for understanding the behavior of steel and cast iron, which are among the most widely used materials in industry.
metallurgy fe-c diagram iron-carbon phase diagram

A Technical Review on Weld Joint Preparation Designs, Welding Processes, and Welding Positions

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
0 0 Intermediate
Welding is an indispensable joining method in modern manufacturing and construction. The quality of a welded joint is influenced not only by the welder’s skill but also by the proper selection of the welding process, welding position, and most critically, the weld joint preparation. The geometry of the joint preparation directly affects the penetration depth, heat distribution, weld metal behavior, and the presence of welding defects. This paper presents a technical review of weld joint designs, welding process classifications, and welding positions in accordance with EN ISO 9692 series, EN ISO 4063, and EN ISO 6947 standards.
weldingengineer weld

Electrode and Wire Classifications in Arc Welding: A Technical Overview

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
0 0 Intermediate
arc welding processes such as SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), and MAG (Metal Active Gas), electrodes and wires are classified and coded according to international standards. These designations help welders select the appropriate consumables to ensure weld quality and suitability for specific applications. This article explains common electrode and wire classification systems with representative examples and their meanings.
weldingengineer weld

🔩 Block Segregation and Terrace Fracture in Welded Joints: The Hidden Dangers Introduction

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
0 0 Intermediate
A weld seam isn’t just a shiny metallic line on the surface. Beneath it lies a world of microstructures and processes that shape the fate of the material. In welding engineering, some invisible phenomena can lead to very visible problems. In this article, we will explore two often-overlooked yet critical concepts: block segregation and terrace fracture.
weld weldigengineer welding
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